Mechanisms by which prenatal physical activity confers health benefits

Elucidate the biological mechanisms through which prenatal physical activity confers health benefits to the gestational parent and the fetus, focusing on potential pathways including changes in placental oxygen tension, remodeling at the maternal–fetal interface, and alterations in nutrient transport, cytokines, and myokines.

Background

Although extensive evidence supports the safety and benefits of moderate-intensity physical activity during uncomplicated pregnancies, the specific mechanisms translating exercise exposures into improved maternal and fetal outcomes have not been fully defined.

The authors suggest candidate mechanisms at the maternal–fetal interface—such as placental oxygen tension, structural remodeling, and nutrient and signaling molecule transport—but emphasize that these remain to be clarified by future mechanistic studies.