Temperature–permittivity relationship in soils

Characterize and explain the dependence of bulk dielectric permittivity on soil temperature across electromagnetic frequencies, and develop or validate pedophysical models that capture this temperature–permittivity relationship.

Background

The paper highlights that soil temperature affects electromagnetic properties and that the effect on dielectric permittivity varies with frequency. However, it notes that current pedophysical models do not fully explain the temperature–permittivity dependency.

A robust description of the temperature effect on dielectric permittivity would improve the accuracy of pedophysical modeling, especially when integrating data from instruments operating at different frequencies or under varying thermal conditions.