Catalan structures and Catalan pairs

Abstract: A Catalan pair is a pair of binary relations (S,R) satisfying certain axioms. These objects are enumerated by the well-known Catalan numbers, and have been introduced with the aim of giving a common language to most of the structures counted by Catalan numbers. Here, we give a simple method to pass from the recursive definition of a generic Catalan structure to the recursive definition of the Catalan pair on the same structure, thus giving an automatic way to interpret Catalan structures in terms of Catalan pairs. We apply our method to many well-known Catalan structures, focusing on the meaning of the relations S and R in each considered case.