Cosmographic study of the universe's specific heat: A landscape for Cosmology?

Abstract: We propose a method for constructing the specific heat for the universe by following standard definitions of classical thermodynamics, in a spatially flat homogeneous and isotropic spacetime. We use cosmography to represent the specific heat in terms of measurable quantities, and show that a negative specific heat at constant volume and a zero specific heat at constant pressure are compatible with observational data. We derive the most general cosmological model which is compatible with the values obtained for the specific heat of the universe, and show that it overcomes the fine-tuning and the coincidence problems of the $\Lambda$CDM model.