Vertical versus horizontal Poincaré inequalities on the Heisenberg group

Abstract: Let $\H= < a,b | a[a,b]=[a,b]a \wedge b[a,b]=[a,b]b>$ be the discrete Heisenberg group, equipped with the left-invariant word metric $d_W(\cdot,\cdot)$ associated to the generating set ${a,b,a^{-1},b^{-1}}$. Letting $B_n= {x\in \H: d_W(x,e_\H)\le n}$ denote the corresponding closed ball of radius $n\in \N$, and writing $c=[a,b]=aba^{-1}b^{-1}$, we prove that if $(X,|\cdot|X)$ is a Banach space whose modulus of uniform convexity has power type $q\in [2,\infty)$ then there exists $K\in (0,\infty)$ such that every $f:\H\to X$ satisfies {multline*} \sum{k=1}^{n^2}\sum_{x\in B_n}\frac{|f(xc^k)-f(x)|_X^q}{k^{1+q/2}}\le K\sum_{x\in B_{21n}} \Big(|f(xa)-f(x)|^q_X+|f(xb)-f(x)|^q_X\Big). {multline*} It follows that for every $n\in \N$ the bi-Lipschitz distortion of every $f:B_n\to X$ is at least a constant multiple of $(\log n)^{1/q}$, an asymptotically optimal estimate as $n\to\infty$.