Elliptic curves of unbounded rank and Chebyshev's bias

Abstract: We establish a conditional equivalence between quantitative unboundedness of the analytic rank of elliptic curves over $\mathbb Q$ and the existence of highly biased elliptic curve prime number races. We show that conditionally on a Riemann Hypothesis and on a hypothesis on the multiplicity of the zeros of $L(E,s)$, large analytic ranks translate into an extreme Chebyshev bias. Conversely, we show under a certain linear independence hypothesis on zeros of $L(E,s)$ that if highly biased elliptic curve prime number races do exist, then the Riemann Hypothesis holds for infinitely many elliptic curve $L$-functions and there exist elliptic curves of arbitrarily large rank.