Stable Intersections of Tropical Varieties

Abstract: We give several characterizations of stable intersections of tropical cycles and establish their fundamental properties. We prove that the stable intersection of two tropical varieties is the tropicalization of the intersection of the classical varieties after a generic rescaling. A proof of Bernstein's theorem follows from this. We prove that the tropical intersection ring of tropical cycle fans is isomorphic to McMullen's polytope algebra. It follows that every tropical cycle fan is a linear combination of pure powers of tropical hypersurfaces, which are always realizable. We prove that every stable intersection of constant coefficient tropical varieties defined by prime ideals is connected through codimension one. We also give an example of a realizable tropical variety that is connected through codimension one but whose stable intersection with a hyperplane is not.