Discriminating hadronic and quark stars through gravitational waves of fluid pulsation modes

Abstract: We investigate non-radial oscillations of hadronic, hybrid and pure self-bound strange quark stars with maximum masses above the mass of the recently observed massive pulsars PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0348-0432 with $M \approx 2 M_{\odot}$. For the hadronic equation of state we employ different parametrizations of a relativistic mean-field model and for quark matter we use the MIT bag model including the effect of strong interactions and color superconductivity. We find that the first pressure mode for strange quark stars has a very different shape than for hadronic and hybrid stars. For strange quarks stars the frequency of the p1 mode is larger than 6 kHz and diverge at small stellar masses, but for hadronic and hybrid stars it is in the range 4-6 kHz. This allows an observational identification of strange stars even if extra information such as the mass, the radius or the gravitational redshift of the object is unavailable or uncertain. Also, we find as in previous works that the frequency of the g-mode associated with the quark-hadron discontinuity in a hybrid star is in the range 0.4-1 kHz for all masses. Thus, compact objects emitting gravitational waves above 6 kHz should be interpreted as strange quark stars and those emitting a signal within 0.4-1 kHz should be interpreted as hybrid stars.