Best approximation on semi-algebraic sets and k-border rank approximation of symmetric tensors

Abstract: In the first part of this paper we study a best approximation of a vector in Euclidean space R^n with respect to a closed semi-algebraic set C and a given semi-algebraic norm. Assuming that the given norm and its dual norm are differentiable we show that a best approximation is unique outside a hypersurface. We then study the case where C is an irreducible variety and the approximation is with respect to the Euclidean norm. We show that for a general point in x in R^n the number of critical points of the distance function of x to C is bounded above by a degree of a related dominant map. If C induces a smooth projective variety in V_P in P(C^n) then this degree is the top Chern number of a corresponding vector bundle on V_P. We then study the problem when a best k(> 1)-border rank approximation of a symmetric tensor is symmetric. We show that under certain dimensional conditions there exists an open semi-algebraic set of symmetric tensors for which a best k-border rank is unique and symmetric.