Absolute calibration of the refractive index in photo-induced photonic lattices

Abstract: We demonstrate a method to experimentally calibrate the refractive index modulation in photorefractive lattices, a task rarely addressed that is crucial for quantitative comparisons of theories with experiments. We consider the linear propagation of a normally incident plane wave through simple lattices and its modulation amplitude at crystal output face. Finding no evidence of longitudinal (Talbot-like) oscillations, we discard an ideal propagation theory and construct a simple effective model that includes longitudinal relaxation. We obtain calibrations of 1D and 2D lattices consistent with standard theory in a high saturation regime. For 2D lattices, we find anisotropies $\chi=1.5- 2.5$, stronger for smaller lattice period, and refractive indexes larger than for 1D lattices, also with more noise.