$F_4$ Quantum Integrable, rational and trigonometric models: space-of-orbits view

Abstract: Algebraic-rational nature of the four-dimensional, $F_4$-invariant integrable quantum Hamiltonians, both rational and trigonometric, is revealed and reviewed. It was shown that being written in $F_4$ Weyl invariants, polynomial and exponential, respectively, both similarity-transformed Hamiltonians are in algebraic form, they are quite similar the second order differential operators with polynomial coefficients; the flat metric in the Laplace-Beltrami operator has polynomial (in invariants) matrix elements. Their potentials are calculated for the first time: they are meromorphic (rational) functions with singularities at the boundaries of the configuration space. Ground state eigenfunctions are algebraic functions in a form of polynomials in some degrees. Both Hamiltonians preserve the same infinite flag of polynomial spaces with characteristic vector $(1, 2, 2, 3)$, it manifests exact solvability. A particular integral common for both models is derived. The first polynomial eigenfunctions are presented explicitly.