Relativistic MHD Simulations of Poynting Flux-Driven Jets

Abstract: Relativistic, magnetized jets are observed to propagate to very large distances in many Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). We use 3D relativistic MHD (RMHD) simulations to study the propagation of Poynting flux-driven jets in AGN. These jets are assumed already being launched from the vicinity ($\sim 10^3$ gravitational radii) of supermassive black holes. Jet injections are characterized by a model described in Li et al. (2006) and we follow the propagation of these jets to ~ parsec scales. We find that these current-carrying jets are always collimated and mildly relativistic. When $\alpha$, the ratio of toroidal-to-poloidal magnetic flux injection, is large the jet is subject to non-axisymmetric current-driven instabilities (CDI) which lead to substantial dissipation and reduced jet speed. However, even with the presence of instabilities, the jet is not disrupted and will continue to propagate to large distances. We suggest that the relatively weak impact by the instability is due to the nature of the instability being convective and the fact that the jet magnetic fields are rapidly evolving on Alfv\'enic timescale. We present the detailed jet properties and show that far from the jet launching region, a substantial amount of magnetic energy has been transformed into kinetic energy and thermal energy, producing a jet magnetization number $\sigma < 1$. In addition, we have also studied the effects of a gas pressure supported "disk" surrounding the injection region and qualitatively similar global jet behaviors were observed. We stress that jet collimation, CDIs, and the subsequent energy transitions are intrinsic features of current-carrying jets.