Analysing the impact of anisotropy pressure on tokamak equilibria

Abstract: Neutral beam injection or ion cyclotron resonance heating induces pressure anisotropy. The axisymmetric plasma equilibrium code HELENA has been upgraded to include anisotropy and toroidal flow. With both analytical and numerical methods, we have studied the determinant factors in anisotropic equilibria and their impact on flux surfaces, magnetic axis shift, the displacement of pressures and density contours from flux surface. With $p_\parallel/p_\perp \approx 1.5$, $p_\perp$ can vary 20% on $s=0.5$ flux surface, in a MAST like equilibrium. We have also re-evaluated the widely applied approximation to anisotropy in which $p^*=(p_\parallel + p_\perp)/2$, the average of parallel and perpendicular pressure, is taken as the approximate isotropic pressure. We find the reconstructions of the same MAST discharge with $p_\parallel/p_\perp \approx 1.25$, using isotropic and anisotropic model respectively, to have a 3% difference in toroidal field but a 66% difference in poloidal current.