On fast matrix-vector multiplication with a Hankel matrix in multiprecision arithmetics

Abstract: We present two fast algorithms for matrix-vector multiplication $y=Ax$, where $A$ is a Hankel matrix. The current asymptotically fastest method is based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), however in multiprecision arithmetics with very high accuracy FFT method is actually slower than schoolbook multiplication for matrix sizes up to $n=8000$. One method presented is based on a decomposition of multiprecision numbers into sums, and applying standard or double precision FFT. The second method, inspired by Karatsuba multiplication, is based on recursively performing multiplications with matrices of half-size of the original. Its complexity in terms of the matrix size $n$ is $\Theta(n^{\log 3})$. Both methods are applicable to Toeplitz matrices and to circulant matrices.