Integrable Generalized KdV and MKdV Equations with Spatiotemporally Varying Coefficients

Abstract: A technique based on extended Lax Pairs is first considered to derive variable-coefficient generalizations of various Lax-integrable NLPDE hierarchies recently introduced in the literature. As illustrative examples, we consider generalizations of KdV equations and three variants of generalized MKdV equations. It is demonstrated that the techniques yield Lax- or S-integrable NLPDEs with both time- AND space-dependent coefficients which are thus more general than almost all cases considered earlier via other methods such as the Painleve Test, Bell Polynomials, and various similarity methods. However, this technique, although operationally effective, has the significant disadvantage that, for any integrable system with spatiotemporally varying coefficients, one must guess a generalization of the structure of the known Lax Pair for the corresponding system with constant coefficients. Motivated by the somewhat arbitrary nature of the above procedure, we embark in this paper on an attempt to systematize the derivation of Lax-integrable sytems with variable coefficients. Hence we attempt to apply the Estabrook-Wahlquist (EW) prolongation technique, a relatively self-consistent procedure requiring little prior information. However, this immediately requires that the technique be significantly generalized or broadened in several different ways, including solving matrix partial differential equations instead of algebraic ones. The new and extended EW technique whch results is illustrated by algorithmically deriving generalized Lax-integrable versions of the generalized fifth-order KdV, and MKdV equations.