Conic Formulations of Graph Homomorphisms

Abstract: Given graphs $X$ and $Y$, we define two conic feasibility programs which we show have a solution over the completely positive cone if and only if there exists a homomorphism from $X$ to $Y$. By varying the cone, we obtain similar characterizations of quantum/entanglement-assisted homomorphisms and three previously studied relaxations of these relations. Motivated by this, we investigate the properties of these "conic homomorphisms" for general (suitable) cones. We also consider two generalized versions of the Lov\'asz theta function, and how they interact with these conic homomorphisms. We prove analogs of several results on classical graph homomorphisms as well as some monotonicity theorems. We also show that one of the generalized theta functions is multiplicative on lexicographic and disjunctive graph products.