Unbounded containment in the energy space of a network and the Krein extension of the energy Laplacian

Abstract: We compare the space of square-summable functions on an infinite graph (denoted $\ell^2(G)$) with the space of functions of finite energy (denoted $\mathcal{H}{\mathcal{E}}$). There is a notion of inclusion that allows $\ell^2(G)$ to be embedded into $\mathcal{H}{\mathcal{E}}$, but the required inclusion operator is unbounded in most interesting cases. These observations assist in the construction of the Krein extension of the Laplace operator on $\mathcal{H}_{\mathcal{E}}$. We investigate the Krein extension and compare it to the Friedrichs extension developed by the authors in a previous paper.