Brownian motion and Random Walk above Quenched Random Wall

Abstract: We study the persistence exponent for the first passage time of a random walk below the trajectory of another random walk. More precisely, let ${B_n}$ and ${W_n}$ be two centered, weakly dependent random walks. We establish that $\mathbb{P}(\forall_{n\leq N} B_n \geq W_n|W) = N^{-\gamma + o(1)}$ for a non-random $\gamma\geq 1/2$. In the classical setting, $W_n \equiv 0$, it is well-known that $\gamma = 1/2$. We prove that for any non-trivial $W$ one has $\gamma>1/2$ and the exponent $\gamma$ depends only on $\text{Var}(B_1)/\text{Var}(W_1)$. Our result holds also in the continuous setting, when $B$ and $W$ are independent and possibly perturbed Brownian motions or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. In the latter case the probability decays at exponential rate.