Phase diagram of strongly attractive $p$-orbital fermions on optical lattices

Abstract: We examine a system of doubly degenerate $p$-orbital polarized fermions on a two-dimensional square lattice with a strong on-site interaction. We consider the system density at the half filling limit and tackle the strong attractive interaction using a perturbation theory. We treat the four-site square plaquette interaction term generated from the directional tunneling dependence of $p$-orbitals using the fourth order in perturbation theory. We map the strong coupling particle Hamiltonian into an effective spin-Hamiltonian and then use a variational mean field approach and a linear spin-wave theory to study the phase diagram. Further, we discuss the experimental signatures of these phases within the context of current cold-atom experimental techniques.