Gevrey smoothing for weak solutions of the fully nonlinear homogeneous Boltzmann and Kac equations without cutoff for Maxwellian molecules

Abstract: It has long been suspected that the non-cutoff Boltzmann operator has similar coercivity properties as a fractional Laplacian. This has led to the hope that the homogenous Boltzmann equation enjoys similar regularity properties as the heat equation with a fractional Laplacian. In particular, the weak solution of the fully nonlinear non-cutoff homogenous Boltzmann equation with initial datum in $L^1_2(\mathbb{R}^d)\cap L\log L(\mathbb{R}^d)$, i.e., finite mass, energy and entropy, should immediately become Gevrey regular for strictly positive times. We prove this conjecture for Maxwellian molecules.