Disentangling the triadic interactions in Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract: We study the role of helicity in the dynamics of energy transfer in a modified version of the Navier-Stokes equations with explicit breaking of the mirror symmetry. We select different set of triads participating in the dynamics on the basis of their helicity content. In particular, we remove the negative helically polarized Fourier modes at all wavenumbers except for those falling on a localized shell of wavenumber, $|{\bf k}| \sim k_m$. Changing $k_m$ to be above or below the forcing scale, $k_f$, we are able to assess the energy transfer of triads belonging to different interaction classes. We observe that when the negative helical modes are present only at wavenumber smaller than the forced wavenumbers, an inverse energy cascade develops with an accumulation of energy on a stationary helical condensate. Vice versa, when negative helical modes are present only at wavenumber larger than the forced wavenumbers, a transition from backward to forward energy transfer is observed in the regime when the minority modes become energetic enough.