Superconductivity from a confinement transition out of a fractionalized Fermi liquid with $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological and Ising-nematic orders

Abstract: The Schwinger-boson theory of the frustrated square lattice antiferromagnet yields a stable, gapped $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquid ground state with time-reversal symmetry, incommensurate spin correlations and long-range Ising-nematic order. We obtain an equivalent description of this state using fermionic spinons (the fermionic spinons can be considered to be bound states of the bosonic spinons and the visons). Upon doping, the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquid can lead to a fractionalized Fermi liquid (FL*) with small Fermi pockets of electron-like quasiparticles, while preserving the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological and Ising-nematic orders. We describe a Higgs transition out of this deconfined metallic state into a confining superconducting state which is usually of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov type, with spatial modulation of the superconducting order.