On a family of KP multi-line solitons associated to rational degenerations of real hyperelliptic curves and to the finite non-periodic Toda hierarchy

Abstract: We classify the soliton data in the totally non--negative part of Gr(k,n) which may be associated to algebraic-geometric data on certain rational degenerations of regular hyperelliptic M-curves. Such degenerate rational curve G is a desingularization of that constructed in Abenda-Grinevich (arXiv:1506.00563) for soliton data in the totally positive part of Gr(n-1,n) and the KP wavefunctions are the same in such case. G is also the curve constructed in the paper for soliton data in the totally positive part of Gr(1,n). For any such G and for any fixed k between 2 and (n-2), we show that k-compatible soliton data correspond to a family of KP multi-line solitons (T-hyperelliptic) which parametrize soliton data in an (n-1)--dimensional variety of the totally positive part of the Grassmannian Gr(k,n). We explicitly characterize T-hyperelliptic solitons from the algebraic-point of view. T-hyperelliptic solitons are also connected to the solutions of the finite non-periodic Toda hierarchy because the tau function is the same for both systems. We investigate such relation from the algebraic point of view and compare the two spectral problems. In particular, the vacuum KP divisor and the Toda divisor coincide, while k--compatible divisors may be recursively constructed using known recursions for the Toda system. Finally, we also explain how KP divisors change under the space--time transformation which induces a duality tranformation from soliton data in Gr(k,n) to soliton data in Gr(n-k,n) and compare the action of such transformation both for the KP and the Toda systems.