Probing an effective-range-induced super fermionic Tonks-Girardeau gas with ultracold atoms in one-dimensional harmonic traps

Abstract: We theoretically investigate an ultracold spin-polarized atomic Fermi gas with resonant odd-channel ($p$-wave) interactions trapped in one-dimensional harmonic traps. We solve the Yang-Yang thermodynamic equations based on the exact Bethe ansatz solution, and predict the finite-temperature density profile and breathing mode frequency, by using a local density approximation to take into account the harmonic trapping potential. The system features an exotic super fermionic Tonks-Girardeau (super-fTG) phase, due to the large effective range of the interatomic interactions. We explore the parameter space for such a fascinating super-fTG phase at finite temperature and provide smoking-gun signatures of its existence in both breathing mode frequencies and density profiles. Our results suggest that the super-fTG phase can be readily probed at temperature at about $0.1T_{F}$, where $T_{F}$ is the Fermi temperature. These results are to be confronted with future cold-atom experiments with $^{6}$Li and $^{40}$K atoms.