Improving the Transmittance of an Epsilon-Near-Zero based Wavefront Shaper

Abstract: Although Epsilon-Near-Zero metamaterials (ENZ) offer many unconventional ways to play with light, the optical impedance mismatch with surroundings can limit the efficiency of future devices. We report here on the improvement of the transmittance of an Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ) wavefront shaper. We first address in this paper the way to enhance the transmittance of a plane wave through a layer of ENZ material thanks to a numerical optimization approach based on the Transfer Matrix Method. We then transpose the one dimensional approach to a two dimensional case where the emission of a dipole is shaped into a plane wave by an ENZ device with a design that optimizes the transmittance. As a result, we demonstrate a transmittance efficiency of 15 \% that is 4 orders of magnitude higher than previous devices proposed in the literature for wavefront shaping applications. This work aims at paving the way for future efficient ENZ devices by offering new strategies to optimize the transmittance through ENZ materials.