Landau level evolution driven by band hybridization in mirror symmetry broken ABA-stacked trilayer graphene

Abstract: Layer stacking and crystal lattice symmetry play important roles in the band structure and the Landau levels of multilayer graphene. ABA-stacked trilayer graphene possesses mirror-symmetry-protected monolayer-like and bilayer-like band structures. Broken mirror symmetry by a perpendicular electric field therefore induces hybridization between these bands and various quantum Hall phases emerge. We experimentally explore the evolution of Landau levels in ABA-stacked trilayer graphene under electric field. We observe a variety of valley and orbital dependent Landau level evolutions. These evolutions are qualitatively well explained by considering the hybridization between multiple Landau levels possessing close Landau level indices and the hybridization between every third Landau level orbitals due to the trigonal warping effect. These observations are consistent with numerical calculations. The combination of experimental and numerical analysis thus reveals the entire picture of Landau level evolutions decomposed into the monolayer- and bilayer-like band contributions in ABA-stacked trilayer graphene.