Nonlinear evolution of short-wavelength torsional Alfven waves

Abstract: We analyse nonlinear evolution of torsional Alfv\'en waves in a straight magnetic flux tube filled in with a low-$\beta$ plasma, and surrounded with a plasma of lower density. Such magnetic tubes model, in particular, a segment of a coronal loop or a polar plume. The wavelength is taken comparable to the tube radius. We perform numerical simulation of the wave propagation using ideal magnetohydrodynamics. We find that a torsional wave nonlinearly induces three kinds of compressive flows: the parallel flow at the Alfv\'en speed, that constitutes a bulk plasma motion along the magnetic field, the tube wave, and also transverse flows in the radial direction, associated with sausage fast magnetoacoustic modes. In addition, nonlinear torsional wave steepens and its propagation speed increases. The latter effect leads to the progressive distortion of torsional wave front, i.e. nonlinear phase mixing. Because of the intrinsic non-uniformity of the torsional wave amplitude across the tube radius, the nonlinear effects are more pronounced in regions with higher wave amplitude. They are always absent at the axes of the flux tube. In the case of a linear radial profile of the wave amplitude, the nonlinear effects are localised in an annulus region near the tube boundary. Thus, the parallel compressive flows driven by torsional Alfv\'en waves in the solar and stellar coronae, are essentially non-uniform in the perpendicular direction. The presence of additional sinks for the wave energy reduces the efficiency of the nonlinear parallel cascade in torsional Alfv\'en waves.