Theoretical Design of Solid Electrolytes with Superb Ionic Conductivity: Alloying Effect on Li+ Transportation in Cubic Li6PA5X Chalcogenides

Abstract: It is of great importance to develop inorganic solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, thus enabling solid state Li-ion batteries to address the notorious safety issue about the current technology due to use of highly flammable liquid organic electrolytes. On the basis of systematic first principles modelling, we have formulated new inorganic electrolytes with ultra-low activation energies for long-distance diffusion of Li+ ions, through alloying in the cubic Li6PA5X chalcogenides (chalcogen A; halogen X). We find that the long-distance transportation of Li+ is dictated by inter-octahedral diffusion, as the activation energy for Li+ to migrate over a Li6A octahedron is minimal. The inter-octahedral diffusion barrier for Li+ is largely dependent on the interaction with chalcogen anions in the compound. Radical reduction of diffusion barrier for Li+ ions can be realized through isovalent substitution of S using elements of lower electronegativity, together with smaller halogen ions on the X site.