Effect of aging and Mn substitution on anisotropy of third generation piezoelectrics

Abstract: We predict a new candidate high-temperature high-pressure structure of FeSiO$_3$ with space-group symmetry Cmmm by applying an evolutionary algorithm within DFT+U that we call post-perovskite II (PPv-II). An exhaustive search found no other competitive candidate structures with ABO$_3$ composition. We compared the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of FeSiO$_3$ PPv-II with experimental results of the recently reported "H-phase" of (Fe,Mg)SiO$_3$. The intensities and positions of two main X-ray diffraction peaks of PPv-II FeSiO$_3$ compare well with those of the H-phase. We also calculated the static equation of state, the enthalpy and the bulk modulus of the PPv-II phase and compared it with those of perovskite (Pv) and post-perovskite (PPv) phases of FeSiO$_3$. According to the static DFT+U computations the PPv-II phase of FeSiO$_3$ is less stable than Pv and PPv phases under lower mantle pressure conditions at T=0 K and has a higher volume. PPv-II may be entropically stabilized, and may be a stable phase in Earth's lower mantle, coexisting with {\alpha-PbO$_2$ (Columbite-structure) silica and perovskite, or with magnesiowustite and/or ferropericlase, depending on bulk composition.