Lattice coverings by congruent translation balls using translation-like bisector surfaces in Nil geometry

Abstract: In this paper we study the Nil geometry that is one of the eight homogeneous Thurston 3-geomet-ri-es. We determine the equation of the translation-like bisector surface of any two points. We prove, that the isosceles property of a translation triangle is not equivalent to two angles of the triangle being equal and that the triangle inequalities do not remain valid for translation triangles in general. We develop a method to determine the centre and the radius of the circumscribed translation sphere of a given {\it translation tetrahedron}. A further aim of this paper is to study lattice-like coverings with congruent translation balls in Nil space. We introduce the notion of the density of the considered coverings and give upper estimate to it using the radius amd the volume of the circumscribed translation sphere of a given {\it translation tetrahedron}. The found minimal upper bound density of the translation ball coverings $\Delta \approx 1.42783$. In our work we will use for computations and visualizations the projective model of Nil described by E. Moln\'ar in \cite{M97}.