FirstLight II: Star formation rates of primeval galaxies from z=5-15

Abstract: In the FirstLight project, we have used ~300 cosmological, zoom-in simulations to determine the star-formation histories of distinct first galaxies with stellar masses between Ms=10^6 and 3 x 10^9 Msun during cosmic dawn (z=5-15). The evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) in each galaxy is complex and diverse, characterized by bursts of star formation. Overall, first galaxies spend 70% of their time in SF bursts. A sample of 1000 of these bursts indicates that the typical burst at z=6 has a specific SFR (sSFR) maximum of 5-15 Gyr^-1 with an effective width of ~100 Myr, one tenth of the age of the Universe at that redshift. A quarter of the bursts populate a tail with very high sSFR maxima of 20-30 Gyr^-1 and significantly shorter timescales of ~40-80 Myr. This diversity of bursts sets the mean and the mass-dependent scatter of the star-forming main sequence. This scatter is driven by a population of low-mass, Ms < 10^8 Msun, quiescent galaxies. The mean sSFR and the burst maximum at fixed mass increase with redshift, with the later always being a factor ~2 higher than the former. This implies sSFR maxima of ~20-60 Gyr^-1 at z=9-10. The SFR histories are publicly available at the FirstLight website.