On the differentiability of weak solutions of an abstract evolution equation with a scalar type spectral operator on the real axis

Abstract: Given the abstract evolution equation [ y'(t)=Ay(t),\ t\in \mathbb{R}, ] with scalar type spectral operator $A$ in a complex Banach space, found are conditions necessary and sufficient for all weak solutions of the equation, which a priori need not be strongly differentiable, to be strongly infinite differentiable on $\mathbb{R}$. The important case of the equation with a normal operator $A$ in a complex Hilbert space is obtained immediately as a particular case. Also, proved is the following inherent smoothness improvement effect explaining why the case of the strong finite differentiability of the weak solutions is superfluous: if every weak solution of the equation is strongly differentiable at $0$, then all of them are strongly infinite differentiable on $\mathbb{R}$.