Non-removability of the Sierpinski Gasket

Abstract: We prove that the Sierpi\'nski gasket is non-removable for quasiconformal maps, thus answering a question of Bishop. The proof involves a new technique of constructing an exceptional homeomorphism from $\mathbb R^2$ into some non-planar surface $S$, and then embedding this surface quasisymmetrically back into the plane by using the celebrated Bonk-Kleiner Theorem arXiv:math/0107171. We also prove that all homeomorphic copies of the Sierpi\'nski gasket are non-removable for continuous Sobolev functions of the class $W^{1,p}$ for $1\leq p\leq 2$, thus complementing and sharpening the results of the author's previous work arXiv:1706.07687.