Second main theorem with tropical hypersurfaces and defect relation

Abstract: The tropical Nevanlinna theory is Nevanlinna theory for tropical functions or maps over the max-plux semiring by using the approach of complex analysis. The main purpose of this paper is to study the second main theorem with tropical hypersurfaces into tropical projective spaces and give a defect relation which can be regarded as a tropical version of the Shiffman's conjecture. On the one hand, our second main theorem improves and extends the tropical Cartan's second main theorem due to Korhonen and Tohge [Advances Math. 298(2016), 693-725]. The growth of tropical holomorphic curve is also improved to $\limsup_{r\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\log T_{f}(r)}{r}=0$ (rather than just hyperorder strictly less than one) by obtaining an improvement of tropical logarithmic derivative lemma. On the other hand, we obtain a new version of tropical Nevanlinna's second main theorem which is different from the tropical Nevanlinna's second main theorem obtained by Laine and Tohge [Proc. London Math. Soc. 102(2011), 883-922]. The new version of the tropical Nevanlinna's second main theorem implies an interesting defect relation that $\delta_{f}(a)=0$ holds for a nonconstant tropical meromorphic function $f$ with $\limsup_{r\rightarrow\infty}\frac{\log T_{f}(r)}{r}=0$ and any $a\in\mathbb{R}$ such that $f\oplus a\not\equiv a.$