Spectroscopic diagnostics of low-ionized iron-peak elements. Electron-impact excitation of Ni$^{3+}$ and photoionisation of Ni$^{2+}$

Abstract: The spectra from Fe-peak elements may be used to determine the temperature and density of various astrophysical objects. Determination of these quantities is underpinned by the accuracy and the comprehensiveness of the underlying atomic structure and collisional calculations. In the following paper, we shall focus specifically on Ni IV lines associated with transitions amongst several low-lying levels. We shall employ modified versions of the parallel Dirac R-matrix codes, considering both electron-impact excitation of Ni$^{3+}$ and the photoionisation of both the ground and excited states of Ni$^{2+}$. We produce high-quality data sets for both processes, and using these data, we calculate line ratios relevant for plasma diagnostics of temperature and density.