Crystalline topological phases as defect networks

Abstract: A crystalline topological phase is a topological phase with spatial symmetries. In this work, we give a very general physical picture of such phases: a topological phase with spatial symmetry $G$ (with internal symmetry $G_{\mathrm{int}} \leq G$) is described by a defect network: a $G$-symmetric network of defects in a topological phase with internal symmetry $G_{\mathrm{int}}$. The defect network picture works both for symmetry-protected topological (SPT) and symmetry-enriched topological (SET) phases, in systems of either bosons or fermions. We derive this picture both by physical arguments, and by a mathematical derivation from the general framework of [Thorngren and Else, Phys. Rev. X 8, 011040 (2018)]. In the case of crystalline SPT phases, the defect network picture reduces to a previously studied dimensional reduction picture, thus establishing the equivalence of this picture with the general framework of Thorngren and Else applied to crystalline SPTs.