Enhanced energy transfer in a Dicke quantum battery

Abstract: We theoretically investigate the enhancement of the charging power in a Dicke quantum battery which consists of an array of $N$ two-level systems (TLS) coupled to a single mode of cavity photons. In the limit of small $N$, we analytically solve the time evolution for the full charging process. The eigenvectors of the driving Hamiltonian are found to be pseudo-Hermite polynomials and the evolution is thus interpreted as harmonic oscillator like behaviour. We find that there exists a universal flip duration in this process, regardless to the number of TLSs inside the cavity. Then we demonstrate that the average charging power when using a collective protocol is $\sqrt{N}$ times larger than the parallel charging protocol as for transferring the same amount of energy. Unlike previous studies, we point out that such quantum advantage does not originate from entanglement but dues to the coherent cooperative interactions among the TLSs. Our results provide intuitive quantitative insight into the dynamic charging process of a Dicke battery and can be observed under realistic experimental conditions.