Ultrafast Hot Phonon Dynamics in MgB$_2$ Driven by Anisotropic Electron-Phonon Coupling

Abstract: The zone-center $E_{2g}$ modes play a crucial role in MgB$2$, controlling the scattering mechanisms in the normal state as well the superconducting pairing. Here, we demonstrate via first-principles quantum-field theory calculations that, due to the anisotropic electron-phonon interaction, a $hot$-$phonon$ regime where the $E{2g}$ phonons can achieve significantly larger effective populations than other modes, is triggered in MgB$2$ by the interaction with an ultra-short laser pulse. Spectral signatures of this scenario in ultrafast pump-probe Raman spectroscopy are discussed in detail, revealing also a fundamental role of nonadiabatic processes in the optical features of the $E{2g}$ mode.