Field-theoretical approach to the Casimir-like interaction in a one-dimensional Bose gas

Abstract: We study the fluctuation-induced interaction between two impurities in a weakly-interacting one-dimensional Bose gas using the field theoretical approach. At separations between impurities shorter and of the order of the healing length of the system, the induced interaction has a classical origin and behaves exponentially. At separations longer than the healing length, the interaction is of a quantum origin and scales as the third power of the inverse distance. Finite temperature destroys the quasi-long-range order of the Bose gas and, accordingly, the induced interaction becomes exponentially suppressed beyond the thermal length. We obtain analytical expressions for the induced interaction at zero and finite temperature that are valid at arbitrary distances. We discuss experimental realizations as well as possible formation of bound states of two impurities, known as bipolarons.