The mean field Schrödinger problem: ergodic behavior, entropy estimates and functional inequalities

Abstract: We study the mean field Schr\"odinger problem (MFSP), that is the problem of finding the most likely evolution of a cloud of interacting Brownian particles conditionally on the observation of their initial and final configuration. Its rigorous formulation is in terms of an optimization problem with marginal constraints whose objective function is the large deviation rate function associated with a system of weakly dependent Brownian particles. We undertake a fine study of the dynamics of its solutions, including quantitative energy dissipation estimates yielding the exponential convergence to equilibrium as the the time between observations grows larger and larger, as well as a novel class of functional inequalities involving the mean field entropic cost (i.e. the optimal value in (MFSP)). Our strategy unveils an interesting connection between forward backward stochastic differential equations and the Riemannian calculus on the space of probability measures introduced by Otto, which is of independent interest.