Blockchain in the Government Technology Fabric

Abstract: Fuelled by the success (and hype) around cryptocurrencies, distributed ledger technologies (DLT), particularly blockchains, have gained a lot of attention from a wide spectrum of audience who perceive blockchains as a key to carry out business processes that have hitherto been cumbersome in a cost and time effective manner. Governments across the globe have responded to this promising but nascent technology differently - from being apathetic or adopting a wait-and-watch approach: letting the systems shape themselves, to creating regulatory sandboxes and sponsoring capacity building, or in some instances (arguably) over-regulating and attempting to put the blockchain genie back in the bottle. Possible government role spans across a spectrum: regulating crypto-currencies and initial coin offerings (ICO), formulating regulatory frameworks for managing the adoption of blockchains, particularly in critical infrastructure industries, facilitating capacity building, and finally, embracing blockchain technology in conducting the activities of the government itself - be it internally, or in using them to deliver public services. In this paper we survey the last, namely, the use of blockchain and associated distributed ledger technologies in the government technology (GovTech) stack, and discuss the merits and concerns associated with the existing initiatives and approaches.