Quantum secret sharing with polarization-entangled photon pairs

Abstract: We describe and experimentally demonstrate a three-party quantum secret sharing protocol using polarization-entangled photon pairs. The source itself serves as an active participant and can switch between the required photon states by modulating the pump beam only, thereby making the protocol less susceptible to loss and amenable to fast switching. Compared to three-photon protocols, the practical efficiency is dramatically improved as there is no need to generate, transmit, or detect a third photon.