Robust Max Entrywise Error Bounds for Tensor Estimation from Sparse Observations via Similarity Based Collaborative Filtering

Abstract: Consider the task of estimating a 3-order $n \times n \times n$ tensor from noisy observations of randomly chosen entries in the sparse regime. We introduce a similarity based collaborative filtering algorithm for estimating a tensor from sparse observations and argue that it achieves sample complexity that nearly matches the conjectured computationally efficient lower bound on the sample complexity for the setting of low-rank tensors. Our algorithm uses the matrix obtained from the flattened tensor to compute similarity, and estimates the tensor entries using a nearest neighbor estimator. We prove that the algorithm recovers a finite rank tensor with maximum entry-wise error (MEE) and mean-squared-error (MSE) decaying to $0$ as long as each entry is observed independently with probability $p = \Omega(n^{-3/2 + \kappa})$ for any arbitrarily small $\kappa > 0$. More generally, we establish robustness of the estimator, showing that when arbitrary noise bounded by $\varepsilon \geq 0$ is added to each observation, the estimation error with respect to MEE and MSE degrades by $\text{poly}(\varepsilon)$. Consequently, even if the tensor may not have finite rank but can be approximated within $\varepsilon \geq 0$ by a finite rank tensor, then the estimation error converges to $\text{poly}(\varepsilon)$. Our analysis sheds insight into the conjectured sample complexity lower bound, showing that it matches the connectivity threshold of the graph used by our algorithm for estimating similarity between coordinates.