Mixing time and cutoff phenomenon for the interchange process on dumbbell graphs and the labelled exclusion process on the complete graph

Abstract: We find the total variation mixing time of the interchange process on the dumbbell graph (two complete graphs, $K_n$ and $K_m$, connected by a single edge), and show that this sequence of chains exhibits the cutoff phenomenon precisely when the smaller size $m$ goes to infinity. The mixing time undergoes a phase transition at $m\asymp \sqrt{n}$. We also state a conjecture on when exactly cutoff holds for the interchange process on general graphs. Our proofs use coupling methods, and they also give the mixing time of the simple exclusion process of $k$ labelled particles in the complete graph $K_n$, for any $k\leq n$, with cutoff, as conjectured by Lacoin and Leblond (2011). In particular, this is a new probabilistic proof for the mixing time of random transpositions, first established by Diaconis and Shahshahani (1981).