Overcoming the speckle correlation limit to achieve a fiber wavemeter with attometer resolution

Abstract: The measurement of the wavelength of light using speckle is a promising tool for the realization of compact and precise wavemeters and spectrometers. However, the resolution of these devices is limited by strong correlations between the speckle patterns produced by closely-spaced wavelengths. Here, we show how principal component analysis of speckle images provides a route to overcome this limit. Using this, we demonstrate a compact wavemeter which measures wavelength changes of a stabilized diode laser of 5.3 am, eight orders of magnitude below the speckle correlation limit.