Fluctuations of $β$-Jacobi Product Processes

Abstract: We study Markov chains formed by squared singular values of products of truncated orthogonal, unitary, symplectic matrices (corresponding to the Dyson index $\beta = 1,2,4$ respectively) where time corresponds to the number of terms in the product. More generally, we consider the $\beta$-Jacobi product process obtained by extrapolating to arbitrary $\beta > 0$. When the time scaling is preserved, we show that the global fluctuations are jointly Gaussian with explicit covariances. For time growing linearly with matrix size, we show convergence of moments after suitable rescaling. When $\beta = 2$, our results imply that the right edge converges to a process which interpolates between the Airy point process and a deterministic configuration. This process connects a time-parametrized family of point processes appearing in the works of Akemann-Burda-Kieburg and Liu-Wang-Wang across time. In the arbitrary $\beta > 0$ case, our results show tightness of the particles near the right edge. The limiting moment formulas correspond to expressions for the Laplace transform of a conjectural $\beta$-generalization of the interpolating process.