Searching for Dark Photon Dark Matter with Cosmic Ray Antideuterons

Abstract: Low energy antideuteron detection presents a unique channel for indirect detection, targeting dark matter that annihilates into hadrons in a relatively background-free way. Since the idea was first proposed, many WIMP-type models have already been disfavored by direct detection experiments, and current constraints indicate that any thermal relic candidates likely annihilate through some hidden sector process. In this paper, we show that cosmic ray antideuteron detection experiments represent one of the best ways to search for hidden sector thermal relic dark matter, and in particular investigate a vector portal dark matter that annihilates via a massive dark photon. We find that the parameter space with thermal relic annihilation and $m_\chi > m_{A'} \gtrsim 20 \, \mathrm{GeV}$ is largely unconstrained, and near future antideuteron experiment \GAPS will be able to probe models in this space with $m_\chi \approx m_{A'}$ up to masses of $O(100\,\mathrm{GeV})$. Specifically the dark matter models favored by the \textit{Fermi} Galactic center excess is expected to be detected or constrained at the $5(3)-\sigma$ level assuming a optimistic (conservative) propagation model.