The Properties of Radio and Mid-infrared Detected Galaxies and the Effect of Environment on the Co-evolution of AGN and Star Formation at $z \sim 1$

Abstract: In this study we investigate 179 radio-IR galaxies drawn from a sample of spectroscopically-confirmed galaxies that are detected in radio and mid-infrared (MIR) in the redshift range of $0.55 \leq z \leq 1.30$ in the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey. We constrain the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) contribution in the total IR luminosity (f${\text{AGN}}$), and estimate the AGN luminosity (L${\text{AGN}}$) and the star formation rate (SFR) using the CIGALE Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) fitting routine. Based on the f${\text{AGN}}$ and radio luminosity, radio-IR galaxies are split into: galaxies that host either high or low f${\text{AGN}}$ AGN (high-/low-f${\text{AGN}}$), and star forming galaxies with little to no AGN activity (SFGs). We study the colour, stellar mass, radio luminosity, L${\text{AGN}}$ and SFR properties of the three radio-IR sub-samples, comparing to a spec-IR sample drawn from spectroscopically-confirmed galaxies that are also detected in MIR. No significant difference between radio luminosity of these sub-samples was found, which could be due to the combined contribution of radio emission from AGN and star formation. We find a positive relationship between L$_{\text{AGN}}$and specific SFR (sSFR) for both AGN sub-samples, strongly suggesting a co-evolution scenario of AGN and SF in these galaxies. A toy model is designed to demonstrate this co-evolution scenario, where we find that, in almost all cases, a rapid quenching timescale is required, which we argue is a signature of AGN quenching. The environmental preference for intermediate/infall regions of clusters/groups remains across the co-evolution scenario, which suggests that galaxies might be in an orbital motion around the cluster/group during the scenario.