Variance and Error in One-Step Phase-Retrieval

Abstract: Time multiplexed approaches for high frame-rate holographic displays have been around since the invention of One-Step Phase-Retrieval (OSPR) in the early 2000s. When discovered, formulations were created for variance reduction but other image quality metrics were ignored. This work sets out statistical models for the mean squared error (MSE) and structural similarity index (SSIM) behaviour of OSPR for a range of image types in order to better understand the effect of time multiplexing on visible images. This finds that while observed variances converges to zero as the number of frames per second increases, MSE converges to a non-zero value while SSIM converges quadratically to a non-unitary value.