Study of instability of the Fourier split-step method for the massive Gross--Neveu model

Abstract: Stability properties of the well-known Fourier split-step method used to simulate a soliton and similar solutions of the nonlinear Dirac equations, known as the Gross--Neveu model, are studied numerically and analytically. Three distinct types of numerical instability that can occur in this case, are revealed and explained. While one of these types can be viewed as being related to the numerical instability occurring in simulations of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, the other two types have not been studied or identified before, to the best of our knowledge. These two types of instability are {\em unconditional}, i.e. occur for arbitrarily small values of the time step. They also persist in the continuum limit, i.e. for arbitrarily fine spatial discretization. Moreover, one of them persists in the limit of an infinitely large computational domain. It is further demonstrated that similar instabilities also occur for other numerical methods applied to the Gross--Neveu soliton, as well as to certain solitons of another relativistic field theory model, the massive Thirring.